answer this question ASAP.its quite urgent.the questions are given below.Question 1A polling group surveyed a city in Scotland regarding residents?opinions onindependence from the UK. The poll wants to find out whether there is strong evidenceto show that a majority (> 50%) of the residents will vote ?es.?The survey polled 2000residents, of which 1050 responded that they will vote ?es?on Scotland independence(52.5%). What are the null and alternative hypotheses?Null: the percentage of ?es?votes is 52.5%; Alternative: the percentage of ?es?votes isgreater than 52.5%Null: the percentage of ?es?votes is greater than 52.5%; Alternative: the percentage of ?es?otes is 52.5%Null: the percentage of ?es?votes is 50%; Alternative: the percentage of ?es?votes is greaterthan 50%Null: the percentage of ?es?votes is greater than 50%; Alternative: the percentage of ?es’votes is 50%Question 2For patients with a particular disease, the population proportion of those successfullytreated with a standard treatment that has been used for many years is 0.75. A medicalresearch group invents a new treatment that they believe will be more successful, i.e.the population proportion will exceed 0.75. A doctor plans a clinical trial he hopes willprove this claim. A sample of 100 patients with the disease is obtained. Each person istreated with the new treatment and eventually classified as having either beensuccessfully or not successfully treated with the new treatment. Out of 100 patients, 80(80%) were successfully treated by the new treatment. What are the null and alternativehypotheses?Null: the population proportion of those successfully treated by the new treatment exceeds 0.75(p > 0.75); Alternative: the population proportion of those successfully treated by the newtreatment is 0.75 (p = 0.75)Null: the population proportion of those successfully treated by the new treatment is 0.75 (p =0.75); Alternative: the population proportion of those successfully treated by the new treatmentexceeds 0.75 (p > 0.75)Null: the population proportion of those successfully treated by the new treatment is 0.80 (p =0.80); Alternative: the population proportion of those successfully treated by the new treatmentexceeds 0.80 (p > 0.80)Null: the population proportion of those successfully treated by the new treatment exceeds 0.80(p > 0.80); Alternative: the population proportion of those successfully treated by the newtreatment is 0.80 (p = 0.80)Question 3Suppose that a study is done comparing two different contact lens wetting solutionswith regard to hours of wearing comfort. 100 contact lens wearers are randomly dividedinto two groups. One group uses solution A for 2 months. The other group uses solutionB for 2 months. The researcher wants to determine if there is a difference in the hoursof wearing comfort for the two groups. The population mean number of hours ofwearing comfort will be compared for the two groups. What are the null and alternativehypotheses being tested by the researcher?Null: there is a difference in the population mean number of hours of wearing comfort for thetwo groups (two population means are not equal); Alternative: there is no difference in thepopulation mean number of hours of wearing comfort for the two groups (two populationmeans are equal).Null: there is no difference in the population mean number of hours of wearing comfort for thetwo groups (two population means are equal); Alternative: the population mean from group Ais larger than that of group B (population mean group A > population mean group B)Null: there is no difference in the population mean number of hours of wearing comfort for thetwo groups (two population means are equal); Alternative: there is a difference in thepopulation mean number of hours of wearing comfort for the two groups (two populationmeans are not equal)Null: the population mean number of hours of wearing comfort for group A is less than that ofgroup B (population mean A population mean A)Question 4A car company is testing to see if the proportion of all adults who prefer blue cars haschanged (differs) from 0.35 since industry statistics indicate this proportion has been0.35 for quite some time. A random sample of 1,000 car owners finds that theproportion that prefers blue cars is 0.40. What are the null and alternative hypothesesbeing tested?Null: the population proportion who prefer blue cars is 0.35; Alternative: the populationproportion who prefer blue cars is greater than 0.35Null: the population proportion who prefer blue cars is 0.40; Alternative: the populationproportion who prefer blue cars differs from (does not equal) 0.40Null: the population proportion who prefer blue cars is 0.40; Alternative: the populationproportion who prefer blue cars is greater than 0.40Null: the population proportion who prefer blue cars is 0.35; Alternative: the populationproportion who prefer blue cars differs from (does not equal) 0.35Question 5A college admissions website tells potential students that the average amount spent ontextbooks is $300.00 per semester. A student group decides to research book costbecause it now believes that book cost per semester is greater than $300.00. A randomsample of 225 current students finds that the sample average is $324 with a standarddeviation of $60. In this situation, the null hypothesis is that:the average for all students is greater than $300the average for all students is greater than $324the average for all students equals $300the average for all students equals $324Question 6A college admissions website tells potential students that the average amount spent ontextbooks is $300.00 per semester. A student group decides to research book costbecause it now believes that book cost per semester is greater than $300.00. A randomsample of 225 current students finds that the sample average is $324 with a standarddeviation of $60. What is the standard error of the mean under the null hypothesis?$60$4$8$15Question 7A college admissions website tells potential students that the average amount spent ontextbooks is $300.00 per semester. A student group decides to research book costbecause it now believes that book cost per semester is greater than $300.00. A randomsample of 225 current students finds that the sample average is $324 with a standarddeviation of $60. What is our test statistic value (standardized score)?+24+6-60.4Question 8A polling organization surveyed Pennsylvanians regarding residents?opinions onwhether there should be term limits for State Representatives and Senators. The pollingorganization wants to find out if there is strong evidence that a majority (> 50%) of theresidents are in favor of term limits. The pollsters randomly polled 500 residents, ofwhich 275 responded that they favor term limits (55%). What approximately is thestandard error of the proportion (SEP) under the null hypothesis?0.044 or 4.4%0.011 or 1.1%0.022 or 2.2%0.05 or 5%Question 9A car company is testing to see if the proportion of all adults who prefer blue cars haschanged (differs) from 0.35 since industry statistics indicate this proportion has been0.35 for quite some time. A random sample of 1,000 car owners finds that theproportion that prefers blue cars is 0.40. What is our test statistic value (standardizedscore)?0.400.05-3.33+3.33Question 10A consultant believes that the average amount spent by customers at an online shoestore will be less than the current $100 if shipping costs are increased by 10% (theprojected shipping cost increase proposed by their carrier). To test the null hypothesisthat the population mean = $100 versus the alternative hypothesis that the populationmean < $100, the consultant conducts a study using a large random sample andcalculates a test statistic of z = +0.5. The p-value for this test would be0.050.840.160.31Question 11A consultant believes that the average amount spent by customers at an online bookstore will be more than the current $100 if they add a new faster shipping service. Totest the null hypothesis that the population mean = $100 versus the alternativehypothesis that the population mean > $100, the consultant conducts a study using alarge random sample and calculates a test statistic of z = +1.96. The p-value for thistest would be which of the following?0.9750.050.0250.95Question 12A cereal manufacturer tests their equipment weekly to be assured that the properamount of cereal is in each box of cereal. The company wants to see if the amountdiffers from the stated amount on the box. The stated amount on each box for thisparticular cereal is 12.5 ounces. The manufacturer takes a random sample of 100 boxesand finds that they average 12.2 ounces with a standard deviation of 3 ounces. Is this aone-tailed or two-tailed significance testing situation?One-tailed with an alternative that the machine fills and average greater than 12.5 ouncesOne-tailed with an alternative that the machine fills and average less than 12.5 ouncesTwo-tailed with an alternative that the machine fills and average different from 12.5 ouncesWhether it is one-tailed or two-tailed will depend on the p-valueQuestion 13A cereal manufacturer tests their equipment weekly to be assured that the properamount of cereal is in each box of cereal. The company wants to see if the amountdiffers from the stated amount on the box. The stated amount on each box for thisparticular cereal is 12.5 ounces. The manufacturer takes a random sample of 100 boxesand finds that they average 12.2 ounces with a standard deviation of 3 ounces. The pvalue is then about3%16%32%62%Question 14Suppose that the null hypothesis is, ?he population mean is $200,?and the alternativehypothesis is, ?he population mean is less than $200.?Also, suppose the test statisticvalue is -0.50, with a p-value of 0.31. The p-value is the probability ofobtaining our test statistic value or a value even smaller, if in fact the population mean is lessthan $200obtaining our test statistic value or a value even larger, if in fact the population mean is lessthan $200obtaining our test statistic value or a value even smaller, if in fact the population mean is $200obtaining our test statistic value or a value even larger, if in fact the population mean is $200Question 15Suppose that the null hypothesis is, ?he population proportion is 0.50,?and thealternative hypothesis is, ?he population proportion is greater than 0.50.?Further,suppose that our test statistic is +1.96, with a p-value of 0.025. The p-value is theprobability ofobtaining our test statistic value of 1.96 or larger, if in fact the population proportion is 0.50obtaining our test statistic value of 1.96 or smaller, if in fact the population proportion is 0.50obtaining our test statistic value of 1.96 or larger, if in fact the population proportion is greaterthan 0.50obtaining our test statistic value of 1.96 or smaller, if in fact the population proportion isgreater than 0.50Question 16A p-value of 0.05 or less is said to indicate that the results are ?tatistically significant.?hat does statistically significant mean?The null hypothesis is a poor explanation of the data.The null hypothesis is a good explanation of the data.The alternative hypothesis is a poor explanation of the data.Question 17Three of the following statements about a p-value are true. Which one is false?If we got a p-value of 0.52, we would not reject the null hypothesis.If the p-value is very small, we reject the null hypothesis.The p-value is the probability that the null hypothesis is true.The p-value is the probability, assuming the null hypothesis is true, of seeing results as (ormore) extreme as what we observed in the sample.Question 18Once you reject the null hypothesis, is it possible to have a Type 2 error?NoYesQuestion 19A researcher conducts a randomized experiment to test whether a diet that includes100 grams of blueberries each day will improve the function of the cathelicidinantimicrobial peptide gene which is known to have an important role in the immunesystem. The gene’s function is measured in 40 subjects who added 100 grams ofblueberries to their daily diet and 40 control subjects who ate similar meals but withoutthe blueberries. At the end of the experiment, a significance test is conducted and thep-value is found to be 0.0042. This says that:Assuming the gene’s function is the same regardless of whether you eat blueberries daily is apoor explanation of the data.Assuming the gene’s function is the same regardless of whether you eat blueberries daily is agood explanation of the data.Eating blueberries has been proven to help your immune system.Eating blueberries has been proven to be unimportant in improving your immune system.Question 20If the null hypothesis is true then it can not be rejected.TrueFalseQuestion 21What are the null and alternative hypotheses in this situation?Question 22What is the standard deviation of the proportion of times the older child scores higher ifthe null hypothesis is true? Explain how you got your answer.Question 23Is the normal approximation appropriate to use in this case? Explain briefly.Question 24What is the test statistic and the calculated p-value? Explain how you got your answer.Question 25What is the conclusion you should draw from these results?Questions 26-32: Previously a study found that Statistics students werespending about $400.00 on textbooks per semester.A researcher at PennState decides to research book cost because he now believes that book costper semester is greater than $400.00.A random sample of 64 Statisticsstudents finds that the sample average is $410.00 with a standard deviationof $80. Is this strong evidence that the average amount spent on textbooksper semester is greater than $400? We wish to carry out the appropriatehypothesis test.Question 26In this situation, the null hypothesis is that:the long run average equals $400the long run average is greater than $400the long run average is greater than $410the long run average equals $410Question 27The standard error of the mean under the null hypothesis is:$10$80$20$15Question 28What is our test statistic value (standardized score)?+1.0+0.5-1.0-0.5Question 29What is the p-value of our test statistic (standardized score) for the significance test?0.16 or 16%0.31 or 31%0.84 or 84%0.69 or 69%Question 30Based on the p-value, we can conclude:that the null hypothesis is a reasonable explanation of the datathat the null hypothesis is a poor explanation of the datathat the null hypothesis is truethat the alternative hypothesis is trueQuestion 31What is the Type 2 error in this situation?fail to reject that the population average is $400 when we should reject that the populationaverage is $400reject that the population average is $400 when we should not reject that the populationaverage is $400Question 32Given the p-value found in our hypothesis test, would a 95% confidence interval for thetrue population average spent include $400?YesNoQuestion 33What would the p-value be if our alternative hypothesis was that textbook costs are?ifferent than?$400 instead of ?reater than?$400? (Note: we consider a hypothesistest where we are testing whether the population value is greater than (>) some valueto be a one-sided test. When we test to see if the population value is different (notequal to) some value, then we have a two-sided test)the same as the p-value we found for the one-sided test less than the p-value we found for theone-sided testless than the p-value we found for the one-sided testgreater than the p-value we found for the one-sided testcannot tell until we calculate the p-valueQuestion 34If the sample size was increased and instead of randomly selecting 64 students, 225students were randomly selected. The p-value of our test statistic (standardized score)would___be larger than beforebe smaller than beforebe the same as beforecannot tell from the information given.answer these questions.Business
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